Benshi mu babaye abanyapolitiki ku rwego rwo kuyobora ibihugu bagenda bagira ibyo bibukirwaho byaranze ubutegetsi bwabo n’ubuzima bwite, byaba byiza cyangwa bibi gusa hakaba bamwe bagenda bafite ibyihariye bibukirwaho kandi bitangaje.

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Reka tugaruke ku mateka y’uwahoze ari umukuru w’igihigu cya Uruguay, José Mujica Alberto Cordano wayoboye iki gihugu kuva mu 2010 kugeza 2015, akaba afatwa nk’umuperezida w’umukene wabayeho mu mateka y’isi.

José Mujica yavutse tariki 20 Gicurasi 1935 avukira i Montevideo muri Uruguay. Se umubyara akaba Demetrio Mujica naho nyina akaba Lucy Cordano. Azwi nka Perezida wabayeho ubuzima bwe bwose arangwa no kwicisha bugufi kurusha abandi.

Se umubyara Demetrio Mujica yari umuhinzi, aza gupfa mu 1940 ubwo Jose Mujica yari afite imyaka itanu, urupfu rwa se rutunguranye rutuma umuryango we ubaho mu buzima bugoranye mu bukene Mujica abukuriramo. Ubu buzima bugoye bwatumye atangira gushakisha uko abaho akiri muto bituma kuva ku myaka 13 gusa atangira gusiganwa ku magare aho yitabiraga amarushanwa atandukanye kugirango abone igitunga umuryango aza kubihagarika agize imyaka 17.

Mu busore bwe, Jose Mujica yari yaranzwe no kugira uruhare runini mu gushaka impinduramatwara mu gihugu. Mu 1966 yaje kwinjira mu mutwe wa MLN-Tupamaros, umutwe witwaje intwaro wari ugamije impinduramatwara wari watewe inkunga n’impinduramatwara yo muri Cuba maze nyuma y’imyaka itatu ayobora iri tsinda ry’inyeshyamaba za MLN bigarurira Umujyi wa Pando.

Mu 1970 José Mujica yarashwe n’abapolisi incuro esheshatu zose mu kabari ka Montevideo ariko arokoka mu buryo bw’igitangaza ndetse agerageza kubacika ntiyatanwa muri yombi.

José Mujica yongeye gufatwa mu mwaka ukurikira atabwa muri yombi ariko ntiyatinda muri kasho kuko yahise atorokana n’abandi bantu bagera ku 100 bari bafunganwe muri gereza ya Punda Carretas bacukuyemo umwobo bawusohokeramo baracika.

Nyuma y’ukwezi kumwe amaze gutoroka, Mujica yongeye gufatwa asubizwa mu buroko nabwo aratoroka yongera gufatwa mu 1972 aho yamaze imyaka 13 muri gereza.

Mu 1985, hamwe n’abandi bagororwa babarirwa mu bihumbi, José Mujica yavuye muri gereza hashingiwe ku itegeko ry’imbabazi rya Perezida Julio Maria Sanguinetti. José Mujica yazamutse mu ntera maze atorerwa kuba Depite mu matora rusange yo mu 1994. Mu 1999 agirwa umusenateri. Mu mwaka wa 2005 yagizwe Minisitiri w’ubworozi, ubuhinzi n’uburobyi na Perezida Tabaré Vázquez. Yakomeje kuba Minisitiri kugeza abaminisitiri bahindutse mu mwaka wa 2008.

Muri 2008, ’Broad Front’ yatoye Mujica nk’umukandida wabo wa Perezida. Nyuma yo gutsinda uwahoze ari Perezida Luis Lacalle Herrera no gutsinda amatora mu 2009, Mujica yarahiriye kuba Perezida wa Uruguay ku ya 1 Werurwe 2010.

Mu gihe yari Perezida, ingengabitekerezo ya politiki ya José Mujica yahindutse kuva mu idini rya Orotodogisi ihinduka Pragmatiste. Yakunzwe cyane muri rubanda kubera imyitwarire ye myiza kandi yoroheje. Yari Perezida uzwiho kuvuga ururimi rw’abaturage.

Akimara gutorerwa kuba Perezida, yahise akemura amakimbirane yari amaze igihe kinini muri Uruguay no hagati ya Arijantine na Uruguay. Uburyo bw’ubwiyunge kuri Guverinoma ya Arijantine n’imibanire myiza y’abantu na mugenzi we wo muri Arijantine, Cristina Kirchner, byagaragaye ko ari ibintu by’ingenzi mu gukemura amakimbirane.

Bimwe mu bikorwa bya Perezida José ni ukwemeza kugurisha kwa marijuwana kugenzurwa na leta no kwemeza gushyingiranwa kw’abahuje ibitsina. Intambwe itavugwaho rumwe yo kwemeza marijuwana yafashwe hagamijwe kurwanya ibyaha bifitanye isano n’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibibazo by’ubuzima.

José Mujica yagizwe Perezida w’umuryango w’ubucuruzi wa Mercosur umwaka umwe mu 2011 ndetse anaba Perezida w’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’Amerika y’Epfo kuva mu 2014 kugeza mu 2015 ariho yavuye ku butegetsi nka Perezida.

José Mujica yanze ko Itegeko Nshinga rihinduka ngo yiyamamariza manda ya kabiri ya Perezida, ibyafashije Tabaré Vázquez gusubira ku mwanya wa Perezida mu matora yo mu 2014. Manda ya Perezida wa José Mujica yarangiye ku ya 1 Werurwe 2015.

Mu mwaka wa 2012, Perezida Mujica yatorewe igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel. José Mujica yahawe impamyabumenyi ihanitse yaturutse mu bihugu bine – ’Grand Collar of the National Order of Merit’ ya Paraguay mu 2010, ’Grand Collar of the Order of the Sun’ of Peru mu 2011, ’Order of the Aztec Eagle ’yo muri Mexico muri 2014 na’ National Order of San Lorenzo ’yo muri uquateur muri 2014.

Kuva Jose Mujica yagera ku butegetsi bwa Uruguay mu 2010 kugeza 2015 yaranzwe no kubaho ubuzima bworoshye ku buryo benshi mu bari bagize guverinoma nk’abaminisitiri n’abandi bayobozi bari babayeho neza kumurusha.

Jose Mujica yagendega mu modoka ihendutse ifite agaciro ka $1,800, amafaranga atageze no kuri miliyoni ebyiri z’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda.

Yanze kuguma mu ngoro ya Perezida cyangwa gukoresha serivisi z’abakozi bayo ahitamo gukomeza kubaho mu buryo busanzwe aho yanze uburinzi bukomeye buhabwa perezida agahitamo kurindwa n’abapolisi babiri gusa n’imbwa ze eshatu yise Manuela.

Ku butegetsi bwe yatangaga 90% y’umushahara we wa buri kwezi ku bakene bo muri Uruguay aho yahembwaga $12,000 ku kwezi.

Ntiyitaga kubyo kugaragara neza no kwambara neza, ibyatumaga bamuvugaho byinshi ngo ntiyiyitaho, ariko we ibyo ntacyo bimubwiye kugeza n’ubu.

Kuri we icy’ingenzi si ukubona imitungo n’ubukungu bwinshi cyangwa kwitwa igikomerezwa, ahubwo icyari kimuraje ishinga nk’umuyobozi cyari imibereho myiza y’abatuye igihugu ayobora.

Yayoboye manda imwe yonyine kuko ubwo yarangiraga mu 2015 yanze kongera kwiyamamaza ngo atorerwe indi cyane ko abanya-Uruguay bamukundaga, gusa ntiyabikoze. Ibi bikaba bitandukanye na benshi mu bakuru b’ibihugu kuko bo baba bumva baramba ku butegetsi.

José Mujica, uzwi ku izina rya ’El Pepe’, ni umuntu wiyita ko atemera Imana. yashakanye na Lucía Topolansky mu mwaka wa 2005 ari nawe bari kumwe kugeza ubu. Nta mwana bafite bibanira n’imbwa zabo mu murima n’inzu biciriritse mu nkengero z’umurwa mukuru Montevideo.

Jose Mujica kuri ubu ufite imyaka 85 mu 2015 umutungo we wose wabarirwaga mu $188,025 mu manyarwanda akaba Miliyoni 176 Frw. Nyuma y’akazi nk’umukuru w’igihugu, Jose Mujica ubu ni umuhinzi w’indabo.