Amaherezo, Inteko Ishinga amategeko y’Ubwongereza yemeje umushinga w’itegeko wa leta yaho wo kohereza abimukira mu Rwanda, nyuma y’imyaka ibiri y’urugamba rw’amategeko na politike. None ni ryari indege ijyanye aba mbere i Kigali ishobora guhaguruka?

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Mu gihe ubu itegeko ryemejwe, igihe cya vuba gishoboka indege ya mbere yahaguruka – mu bishoboka mu mvugo – ni mu minsi 12 nyuma y’uko Umwami atanze icyemezo cye, ibihita bihindura mu buryo bwemewe wa mushinga itegeko.

Mu ngiro, igihe cyo guhaguruka kw’indege ya mbere gishobora kuba nyuma y’icyo – nk’uko bivugwa na Minisitiri w’Intebe Rishi Sunak ko ari hagati y’ibyumweru 10 na 12, bisobanuye ko ari mu mpera za Kamena(6) cyangwa intangiriro za Nyakanga(7).

Rishi avuga ko “aho ni kure kurusha aho dushaka”, gusa ashimangira ko igihe cyose bakomeje kwemeza ko icyo gikorwa “kizafata igihe”.

Abantu 52,000

Abantu bazoherezwa mu Rwanda ni abasaba ubuhungiro gusa – bageze mu Bwongereza mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko bavuye mu kindi gihugu gitekanye.

Ibyo bisobanuye abantu baciye inzira yo kwambuka inyanja hagati y’Ubwongereza n’Ubufaransa – abo bakaba ari abo leta y’Ubwongereza itaremeza niba ari impunzi cyangwa ari zo – umugambi ni ukubohereza bagasaba ubuhungiro mu buryo bwemewe mu Rwanda.

Abantu 52,000 bari mu Bwongereza nibo bari muri iki kiciro.

Ubu bacumbikiwe mu bigo bya leta kandi ntibemerewe kubona akazi – abo kandi ntibigeze bumvwa n’inkiko ku kuba bakurwa mu Bwongereza, cyangwa bahabwa ubuhungiro mu kindi gihugu kure y’iwabo.

Gusa birashoboka ko leta itazabashyira bose mu ndege mu gihe cya vuba. Bishobora gufata imyaka irenga itatu ngo bose bavanwe mu Bwongereza, nubwo leta yageza ku gucyura abagera ku 15,000 ku mwaka, ibintu biheruka kuba mu 2012.

Uwo mubare waje kugabanuka nyuma y’uko habayeho kugabanya abakozi ndetse hakaza Brexit – nubwo ubu ugeze ku 5,000 ku mwaka basubizwa mu bihugu bavuyemo.

Igihe cyihuse gishoboka aho umuntu yakurwa ku nkombe y’inyanja amaze kwinjira mu Bwongereza akoherezwa mu Rwanda kigera ku byumweru bibiri.

Mu gihe abategetsi bamaze gutoranya umwimukira wujuje ibisabwa ngo yoherezwe, ahabwa iminsi irindwi amenyeshejwe ko ashobora kurizwa indege.

Nyuma y’ibyo, abategetsi bamubwira ko azurira indege mu minsi itanu.

Abimukira bazajurira.

Icyo gihe cy’iminsi 7+5 cy’integuza, gisobanuye ko umuntu ugiye koherezwa ashobora kwanga icyo cyemezo cyo kumwohereza mu Rwanda.

Igihe abategetsi banze icyifuzo cye, umwimukira ashobora kugerageza kujya mu nkiko. Yagera aho, akaba yasaba umucamanza kuba ahagaritse koherezwa kwe mu Rwanda.

Icyo cyemezo gifashwe cyamufasha gutegura urubanza rwe. Mu gihe abimukira benshi bahabwa icyo cyemezo cy’urukiko gisubika iyoherezwa ryabo, bishobora gutuma indege yose yari igiye guhaguruka ihagarara.

Intambamyi z’amategeko

Kuva mu 2022 uyu mushinga w’itegeko wifuzwa na leta y’Ubwongereza wagiye uregerwa mu nkiko, kugeza ku rukiko rw’Uburayi rw’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu (ECHR).

Muri Kamena(6) 2022 icyemezo cya ruriya rukiko cyatumye indege yari igiye guhaguruka ihagarikwa habura iminota micye ngo ifate ikirere.

Nyuma, n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’Ubwongereza rwanzuye ko uyu mugambi wo kohereza abimukira mu Rwanda unyuranyije n’amategeko.

Gusa ubu abimukira bazagorwa no kuregera inkiko kuko itegeko ryemejwe mu Bwongereza ribwira abacamanza kwirengagiza bimwe mu bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwa muntu bivugwa mu Itegeko Nshinga ry’Ubwongereza.

Gusa hitezwe ko imiryango izobereye mu by’impunzi n’abimukira izakomanga ku miryango y’inkiko itanga ibindi birego kuri uyu mugambi.

Ikindi, dushobora kubona ikirego gitangijwe ku ngingo itavugwaho rumwe kurusha izindi muri iryo tegeko ryemejwe. Iryo tegeko ritegeka inkiko gufata u Rwanda nk’igihugu gitekanye – nubwo bwose kugeza ubu Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwanzuye ko atari ko bimeze.

Iri tegeko rikoze ku buryo inkiko zo mu Bwongereza zidashobora guhagarika kohereza abimukira uko byagenda kose.

Igihe abacamanza bo mu Bwongereza badashobora guhagarika by’agateganyo indege, abimukira bazagana rwa rukiko rwa ECHR rukorera i Strasbourg mu Bufaransa.

Mu gihe uru rukiko rwategeka ko indege zitaguruka, guverinoma y’Ubwongereza yateganyije imbaraga nshya zituma yakwirengagiza icyo cyemezo – gusa abanyamategeko bavuga ko ibyo byaba ari ukunyuranya n’amategeko mpuzamahanga.

Ibyo hari ingaruka byagira?

Umwaka ushize, Ubufaransa bwirengagije icyemezo cy’agateganyo cya ECHR kibuza gusubiza umugabo muri Uzbekistan.

Ibyavuyemo ni uko urukiko ruruta izindi i Paris rwategetse guverinoma kugarura wa mugabo nanone – ibyabaye igisebo ku bategetsi na guverinoma.

Mu Bwongereza, mu gihe indege ya mbere yaba ihagurutse nta rukiko na rumwe rubivuzeho, naho ntibirangirira aho.

Ikibi gishoboka kuri guverinoma ni aho abacamanza nyuma bategeka ko umwimukira woherejwe yari afite ishingiro asaba ubuhungiro – bagategeka leta kumugarura mu Bwongereza.

Ibi byigeze kubaho mbere, nubwo ari gacye cyane – kandi amahirwe si menshi ko byakongera kuba mbere y’amatora rusange mu Bwongereza ateganyijwe mbere ya Mutarama(1) 2025.

Ku byaraye byemejwe n’Inteko y’Ubwongereza, umuvugizi wa guverinoma y’u Rwanda Yolande Makolo yabwiye BBC ko u Rwanda rwishimiye ko iryo tegeko ryemejwe, kandi ko iki gihugu kimaze imyaka 30 cyiyubaka ngo kibe ahantu “hatekanye ku Banyarwanda n’abatari Abanyarwanda.”

BBC