Inkuru ya Pauline Newman ni imwe mu zimaze iminsi zigarukwaho cyane mu binyamakuru no mu biganiro by’abaturage bamwe ba Amerika.

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Uyu mucamanza w’imyaka 96 bagenzi be baherutse kwemeza ko ahagaritswe umwaka umwe nyuma y’impungenge zabo ku bushobozi bwe bwo mu mutwe, ariko yamaganye uyu mwanzuro, arashaka gukomeza guca imanza.

Mu kwezi gushize, inteko y’abacamanza bakorana nawe i Washington DC bavuze ko Pauline yanze gufatanya n’iperereza ku bushobozi bwe bwo mu mutwe aho yari gukorerwa isuzuma, maze bategeka ko ahagaritswe umwaka umwe kugeza yemeye gusuzumwa.

Pauline ubu yarajuriye, ashinja bagenzi be guhonyora uburenganzira bwe bwo gukomeza akazi. Avuga ko nubwo koko ashaje ariko agishoboye gukora akazi ke agatanga ibimenyetso by’abandi baganga avuga ko bamupimye.

Inkuru ya Pauline Newman yatumye benshi muri Amerika n’ahatandukanye ku isi bongera kwibaza ngo “ni ku myaka ingahe abanyapolitike bakwiye gukomeza gutegeka?”

Pauline Newman ni nde?

Niwe mucamanza ushaje kurusha abandi bose bari mu kazi muri Amerika, nk’uko bivugwa n’ibiro ntaramakuru Reuters. Bagenzi be bavuga ko ari umwe mu bubashywe cyane kandi muri Amerika.

Reuters ivuga ko uyu mugore yashyizwe mu nshingano z’umucamanza wo ku rwego rw’igihugu (Federal Judge) na Perezida Ronald Reagan mu 1984.

Abacamanza bo muri uru rwego bakorera ku itegeko ryo mu 1980 rivuga ko ari umucamanza ubuzima bwe bwose, ko ashobora gufatirwa ibihano gusa na bagenzi be ariko adashobora guhagarikwa burundu, uburyo bwonyine bagenzi be bamukura ku kazi ni ukumukuraho icyizere kubera amakosa akomeye mu kazi (impeachment).

Ibi bituma icyo bagenzi ba Pauline bashoboye gukora ubu ari ukumuhagarika gusa by’agateganyo, nk’uko ikinyamakuru Washington Post kibivuga.

Iki kinyamakuru kivuga ko ubundi mbere Pauline yize ibijyanye n’ubutabire ariko nyuma aza kwiga anononsora ibijyanye n’itegeko ku burenganzira ku mutungo ari nazo manza ziza cyane mu rukiko yakoreragamo.

Pauline Newman afite impamyabumenyi za kaminuza zo muri Vassar College, Columbia University, Yale University n’ishuri ry’amategeko rya New York University, yigishije kandi mu ishuri ry’amategeko rya George Mason University, nk’uko bivugwa na ABC News.

Ubuhamya butangwa kuri we na bagenzi be, nk’uko bivugwa n’ibinyamakuru muri Amerika, ni uko yabaye umucamanza ntagereranywa mu myaka hafi 40 amaze muri uriya mwanya, ariko ko nta bushobozi buhagije bwo mu mutwe asigaranye.

Reuters ivuga ko inyandiko z’urukiko zo muri Kanama(8) 2023 zivuga ko bagenzi be bavuze ko asigaye agaragaza “kwibagirwa cyane, kuvangirwa, ubwoba budafite impamvu, hamwe no kwitotomba mu burakari.”

“Sinumva impamvu bagenzi banjye biyemeje kunsenya ngeze aha”

Imyaka yo kujya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru muri Amerika ni 66, ariko abacamanza benshi bo ku rwego rwa leta usanga bakiri mu mirimo bashaje kuko itegeko ribashyiraho ribaha uburenganzira bwo kutajya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru.

Reuters isubiramo ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Francis Shen wa Harvard Medical School bwatangajwe muri Ohio State Law Journal buvuga ko ikigereranyo cy’imyaka y’abacamanza ku rwego rw’igihugu vuba aha cyageze kuri 69, igipimo cyo hejuru cyane kugeza ubu.

Abo bacamanza, hamwe n’abanyapolitike bamwe na bamwe bahitamo gukomeza akazi kabo mu gihe ibijyanye no kujya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru bo biba bitabareba. Kugeza ubwo, bamwe ubushobozi bwabo bwo mu mutwe bushidikanywaho. Pauline Newman we ku myaka ye avuga ko akibashije.

Greg Dolin, umunyamategeko umwunganira, avuga ko bagenzi be bahagarika umukiriya we birengagije amakuru y’abandi baganga “kubera icyo bagambiriye” nk’uko bivugwa na Washington Post.

Greg asubirwamo agira ati: “Ibi byari gukorwa mu buryo bumuhesheje icyubahiro, butarimo guhutaza kandi bukwiriye, maze bakamwimurira mu rundi rukiko”.

Pauline Newman nawe asubirwamo n’icyo kinyamakuru avuga ko ahubwo ubu ameze neza kurusha mu mezi ashize.

Mu gihe urukiko rwavuze ko Pauline asigaye agorwa no kwibuka amakuru amwe n’amwe n’ibyabaye yewe no mu minsi micye, ndetse no kumva no gusobanukirwa amakuru y’ibanze urukiko rumubwiye, we avuga ko agikomeye.

Mu kiganiro yahaye Washington Post muri uyu mwaka yagize ati: “Nta bumuga ku mubiri mfite, nta bumuga bwo mu mutwe mfite. Nshobora kuba ndondogora (mvuga cyane) ariko ibyo niko nahoze.

Nyuma y’umwanzuro umuhagarika yagize ati: “Sinumva impamvu bagenzi banjye biyemeje kunsenya ngeze aha, kwangiza izina ryanjye, kunyaka amahirwe yo gufata imyanzuro y’imanza.”

Amerika yugarijwe n’abategetsi bashaje?

Impaka ku kibazo cya Pauline Newman ntizigarukira kuri we ahubwo zikomereza no ku kwibaza niba Amerika itugarijwe n’abategetsi bashaje ikaba yarahindutse icyo bita gerontocracy – sosiyete zitegekwa n’abantu bakuze.

Ubu babiri bakomeye mu guhatanira umwanya wa Perezida mu matora ya 2024 ni Joe Biden w’imyaka 80, akubye kabiri ikigereranyo cy’imyaka y’umunyamerika uri hagati ubu, na Donald Trump w’imyaka 77, arengejeho imyaka irenga 10 ku myaka y’ikiruhuko cy’izabukuru.

Impungenge ikomeye y’abantu ni ubushobozi bwo mu mutwe bw’aba bantu wakwita ‘Abasaza’.

Mu kwezi kwa Kanama(8) Senateri Mitch McConnell w’imyaka 81 ubwo yarimo asubiza ikibazo mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru yagize atya amera nk’ugagaye araceceka bimara amasegonda arenga 30, nubwo bwose umufasha yagerageje kumukomanga.

Bwari ubwa kabiri mu byumweru bicye uyu mugabo bimubayeho akamera nk’ugagaye mu ruhame, nk’uko bivugwa n’ibiro ntaramakuru AFP. Byatumye benshi bongera kugaruka ku myaka y’ubukure y’abategetsi muri Amerika.

Gukura bihindura iki ku bwonko?

Ushobora kugifata nk’ikibazo gisa n’icya mwarimu, kuko ingaruka zo gusaza ku bwonko abarimo gusaza benshi barazizi abakiri bato nabo bakazibabonaho.

Ariko abahanga muri ‘Neuroscience’ – siyanse yiga ku mikorere y’ubwonko n’uburyo butegeka umubiri – hamwe n’imitekerereze bavuga ko ubushobozi bwo mu mutwe bugenda butandukana ku bantu uko bagenda basaza, bikaba bigoye kwemeza niba umuntu ashaje ku buryo atategeka cyangwa atakora imirimo runaka nka Pauline Newman.

Mu gihe ubushobozi bumwe na bumwe bugenda bucogorana n’imyaka, hari ubundi bwiyongera. Hari abo bita mu Cyongereza "super agers" aba usanga n’iyo bashaje bagira mu mutwe hashabutse kurusha benshi mu bo barusha imyaka za mirongo.

Abahanga bavuga ko uko umuntu akura ari ko ingano y’ubwonko bwe igabanuka. Nibura ho 5% buri myaka 10. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku gutekereza vuba, kwibuka, kwiha intego n’ubushobozi bwo kuzikurikirana.

Mu mpera z’imyaka 30 ubwo bushobozi butangira kugabanuka, ariko bikihuta cyane ugeze kuri 70. Muri rusange guhera ku myaka 65 intege nke z’ubwonko zitangira kugaragara ku muntu umwe kuri batatu, nk’uko bivugwa n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na kaminuza ya Cambridge.

Mark Fisher wo muri Center for Neuropolitics ya University of California ati: “Nibaza ko muri rusange imyaka 65 ari iy’impinduka.”

Icyo kigero cy’imyaka y’impinduka gikora ku Banyamerika aho ikigereranyo cy’imyaka yo kuramba ari 76. Gusa iyi myaka yo kuramba iratandukanye, urugero niba umugabo muri Amerika abarirwa kuramba imyaka 73 ni micye ugereranyije n’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe nk’Ubuyapani ariko ni myinshi ugereranyije n’umugabo wo muri Cameroon ubarirwa kuramba imyaka 60, ariko perezida wayo Paul Biya akaba ageze ku myaka 90 agitegeka – bivugwa ko ari we perezida ukuze kurusha abanda ku isi.

Bariya bantu bazwi nka "super agers" bakomeza kugira mu mutwe hakora neza ni abantu bari mu myaka za 80 no kuzamura barangwa n’udutsi tumeze neza two mu gice cy’ubwonko kitwa ‘entorhinal cortex’ cy’ingenzi cyane mu bijyanye no kwibuka.

Mu buryo butunguranye, ubushakashatsi bw’ikigo National Institute of Ageing cyo muri Amerika buvuga ko bene abo bantu batsinda ibizami byo kwibuka kurusha bagenzi babo.

Abahanga bamwe bavuga ko abategetsi nka Joe Biden ari aba "super agers".

Pauline Newman ese nawe yaba ari umwe muri bo? Bagenzi be barabishidikanya ndetse baramuhagaritse, gusa we ashobora kuba abona ari muri bene abo, ndetse yajuririye umwanzuro wa bagenzi be wo kumuhagarika umwaka umwe mbere y’uko yongera agasuzumwa, nabyemera…

BBC